Effective management of public shared spaces such as car parking space, is one challenging transformational aspect for many cities, especially in the developing World. By leveraging sensing technologies, cloud computing, and Artificial Intelligence, Cities are increasingly being managed smartly. Smart Cities not only bring convenience to City dwellers, but also improve their quality of life as advocated for by United Nations in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal on Sustainable Cities and Communities. Through integration of Internet of Things and Cloud Computing, this paper presents a successful proof-of-concept implementation of a framework for managing public car parking spaces. Reservation of parking slots is done through a cloud-hosted application, while access to and out of the parking slot is enabled through Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology which in real-time, accordingly triggers update of the parking slot availability in the cloud-hosted database. This framework could bring considerable convenience to City dwellers since motorists only have to drive to a parking space when sure of a vacant parking slot, an important stride towards realization of sustainable smart cities and communities.

Driving through pothole infested roads is a life hazard and economically costly. The experience is even worse for motorists using the pothole filled road for the first time. Pothole-filled road networks have been associated with severe traffic jam especially during peak times of the day. Besides not being fuel consumption friendly and being time wasting, traffic jams often lead to increased carbon emissions as well as noise pollution. Moreover, the risk of fatal accidents has also been strongly associated with potholes among other road network factors. Discovering potholes prior to using a particular road is therefore of significant importance. This work presents a successful demonstration of sensor-based pothole mapping agent that captures both the pothole's depth as well as its location coordinates, parameters that are then used to generate a pothole map for the agent's entire journey. The map can thus be shared with all motorists intending to use the same route.

Can a neural network estimate an object's dimension in the wild? In this paper, we propose a method and deep learning architecture to estimate the dimensions of a quadrilateral object of interest in videos using a monocular camera. The proposed technique does not use camera calibration or handcrafted geometric features; however, features are learned with the help of coefficients of a segmentation neural network during the training process. A real-time instance segmentation-based Deep Neural Network with a ResNet50 backbone is employed, giving the object's prototype mask and thus provides a region of interest to regress its dimensions. The instance segmentation network is trained to look at only the nearest object of interest. The regression is performed using an MLP head which looks only at the mask coefficients of the bounding box detector head and the prototype segmentation mask. We trained the system with three different random cameras achieving 22% MAPE for the test dataset for the dimension estimation

We propose RANA, a relightable and articulated neural avatar for the photorealistic synthesis of humans under arbitrary viewpoints, body poses, and lighting. We only require a short video clip of the person to create the avatar and assume no knowledge about the lighting environment. We present a novel framework to model humans while disentangling their geometry, texture, and also lighting environment from monocular RGB videos. To simplify this otherwise ill-posed task we first estimate the coarse geometry and texture of the person via SMPL+D model fitting and then learn an articulated neural representation for photorealistic image generation. RANA first generates the normal and albedo maps of the person in any given target body pose and then uses spherical harmonics lighting to generate the shaded image in the target lighting environment. We also propose to pretrain RANA using synthetic images and demonstrate that it leads to better disentanglement between geometry and texture while also improving robustness to novel body poses. Finally, we also present a new photorealistic synthetic dataset, Relighting Humans, to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.

Denoising diffusion models hold great promise for generating diverse and realistic human motions. However, existing motion diffusion models largely disregard the laws of physics in the diffusion process and often generate physically-implausible motions with pronounced artifacts such as floating, foot sliding, and ground penetration. This seriously impacts the quality of generated motions and limits their real-world application. To address this issue, we present a novel physics-guided motion diffusion model (PhysDiff), which incorporates physical constraints into the diffusion process. Specifically, we propose a physics-based motion projection module that uses motion imitation in a physics simulator to project the denoised motion of a diffusion step to a physically-plausible motion. The projected motion is further used in the next diffusion step to guide the denoising diffusion process. Intuitively, the use of physics in our model iteratively pulls the motion toward a physically-plausible space. Experiments on large-scale human motion datasets show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art motion quality and improves physical plausibility drastically (>78% for all datasets).

大多数人工智能（AI）研究都集中在高收入国家，其中成像数据，IT基础设施和临床专业知识丰富。但是，在需要医学成像的有限资源环境中取得了较慢的进步。例如，在撒哈拉以南非洲，由于获得产前筛查的机会有限，围产期死亡率的率很高。在这些国家，可以实施AI模型，以帮助临床医生获得胎儿超声平面以诊断胎儿异常。到目前为止，已经提出了深度学习模型来识别标准的胎儿平面，但是没有证据表明它们能够概括获得高端超声设备和数据的中心。这项工作研究了不同的策略，以减少在高资源临床中心训练并转移到新的低资源中心的胎儿平面分类模型的域转移效果。为此，首先在丹麦的一个新中心对1,008例患者的新中心进行评估，接受了1,008名患者的新中心，后来对五个非洲中心（埃及，阿尔及利亚，乌干达，加纳和马拉维进行了相同的表现），首先在丹麦的一个新中心进行评估。 ）每个患者有25名。结果表明，转移学习方法可以是将小型非洲样本与发达国家现有的大规模数据库相结合的解决方案。特别是，该模型可以通过将召回率提高到0.92 \ pm 0.04 $，同时又可以维持高精度。该框架显示了在临床中心构建可概括的新AI模型的希望，该模型在具有挑战性和异质条件下获得的数据有限，并呼吁进行进一步的研究，以开发用于资源较少的国家 /地区的AI可用性的新解决方案。

在本文中，我们分析了具有基于视觉导航的无人机（UAV）的时间延迟动力学对控制器设计的影响。时间延迟是网络物理系统中不可避免的现象，并且对无人机的控制器设计和轨迹产生具有重要意义。时间延迟对无人机动态的影响随着基于视力较慢的导航堆栈的使用而增加。我们表明，文献中的现有模型不包括时间延迟，不适合控制器调整，因为一个微不足道的解决方案始终存在错误的解决方案。我们确定的微不足道的解决方案表明，使用无限控制器的利益来实现最佳性能，这与实际发现相矛盾。我们通过引入无人机的新型非线性时间延迟模型来避免这种缺点，然后获得与每个UAV控制回路相对应的一组线性解耦模型。分析了角度和高度动力学的线性时间延迟模型的成本函数，与无延迟模型相反，我们显示了有限的最佳控制器参数的存在。由于使用了时间延迟模型，我们在实验上表明，所提出的模型准确地表示系统稳定性限制。由于时间延迟的考虑，我们使用基于视觉探视的无人机（VO）导航，在跟踪峰值速度为2.09 m/s的lemsistate轨迹时，我们实现了RMSE 5.01 cm的跟踪结果，这与最新-艺术。

双线性动力系统在许多不同的域中无处不在，也可以用于近似更通用的控制型系统。这激发了从系统状态和输入的单个轨迹中学习双线性系统的问题。在温和的边际均方稳定性假设下，我们确定需要多少数据来估算未知的双线性系统，直至具有高概率的所需精度。就轨迹长度，系统的维度和输入大小而言，我们的样本复杂性和统计错误率是最佳的。我们的证明技术依赖于Martingale小球条件的应用。这使我们能够正确捕获问题的属性，特别是我们的错误率不会随着不稳定性的增加而恶化。最后，我们表明数值实验与我们的理论结果良好。

牙科时代是确定个人年龄的最可靠方法之一。通过使用牙科全景射线照相（DPR）图像，法医科学中的医师和病理学家试图建立没有有效法律记录或注册患者的个人的年代年龄。实践中当前的方法需要密集的劳动，时间和合格的专家。在医学图像处理领域，深度学习算法的发展提高了预测真实价值的敏感性，同时降低了成像时间的处理速度。这项研究提出了一种自动化方法，以使用1,332个DPR图像估算8至68岁的个体的法医年龄。最初，使用基于转移学习的模型进行了实验分析，包括InceptionV3，Densenet201，EdgitionNetB4，MobilenetV2，VGG16和Resnet50V2；因此，修改了表现最好的模型InceptionV3，并开发了新的神经网络模型。减少开发模型体系结构中已经可用的参数数量，从而更快，更准确。所达到的结果的性能指标如下：平均绝对误差（MAE）为3.13，均方根误差（RMSE）为4.77，相关系数r $ $^2 $为87％。可以想象将新模型作为法医学和牙科医学中的潜在可靠和实用的辅助设备。

自动显微镜和定量图像分析的进展已促进了高含量筛查（HCS）作为有效的药物发现和研究工具。尽管HCS提供了高吞吐量图像的复杂细胞表型，但该过程可能会受到图像畸变的阻碍，例如异常图像模糊，荧光团饱和度，碎屑，高噪声，高水平的噪声，意外的自动荧光或空的图像。尽管此问题在文献中受到了温和的关注，但忽略这些人工制品会严重阻碍下游图像处理任务，并阻碍对细微表型的发现。因此，在HCS中使用质量控制是主要问题，也是先决条件。在这项工作中，我们评估了不需要大量图像注释的深度学习选项，即可为此问题提供直接且易于使用的半监督学习解决方案。具体而言，我们比较了最近的自我监督和转移学习方法的功效，以提供高吞吐量伪像图像检测器的基础编码器。这项研究的结果表明，对于此任务，应首选转移学习方法，因为它们不仅在这里表现出色，而且具有不需要敏感的超参数设置或大量额外培训的优势。